There is at present, not a hundred miles from Nanking Road, a recret society composed of Chinese liccrati, of advanced opinions, and merchants, together with a sprinkling of civil and military mandarins, all men between the ayes of thirty and forty-five, who advocate drastic measures to compel proper attention being given to the administration of the country. The society met recently not far from Shanghai in two large native house-boats, and, after holding solemn council upon the needs of the country, the opposition that would have to be encountered, and the disastrous apathy of those in power, it was resolved to send certain members to the various provincial capitals, as well as to Peking, to propagate the views of the society' and, if possible, obtain its ends without revolutionary methods, Followay's Ointment and Pills.—Reliable Remedies.—In wounds, braises, sprains-glandular swellings, enlarged veins, neuralgic pains and rheumatism, the application of this soothing Ointment to the affected parts not only gives the greatest ease, but likewise cares the complaint. The Pills much assist "in banishing the tendency to rheumatism and simliar'painful disorders, whilst the Ointment cures the local ailment. The Pills remove he constitutional disturbance and regulate every impaired function of every organ throughout the human body. The cure is neither temporary nor superficial, but permanent and complete, and the disease rarely recurs, 50 perfect has been the purification performed by these searching yet harmless preparations, 2:
Although the accounts we have of Dr. Nansen's polar expedition are still few and can only be regarded as the first glimpse of the light which the observations taken by the expedition will throw on the northern part of the world, knowledge of such a sweeping range is already visible in its broad features, that I am sure the public would like to know a little about the scientific results obtained by Dr. Nansen and his gallant companions. Dr. Nansen proved his theory as to a
Josef's Land to be right. This theory, as yestanty os rent to the north of Franz is well known, was founded on the discovery of the remains of the wreck of the Jeannette and was furthermore made probable by the studies of all kinds of drift-products made by Dr. Nansen on the coast of Greenland. The Fram's drifting during three years has shown the ice to be constantly moving, and the conception of solid ice in the Polar Sea will become evanescent.
According to all previous experiences the inner Polar Sea was supposed to contain shallow water of ice-cold temperature in the depths and covered with floating ice. Dr. Nansen discovered the existence of a deep sea with depths of more than 2,000 fathoms near to the North Pole. The sea bot-' tom was found to decline from the New Siberian Islands towards north and west. The most remarkable fact of all was the distribution of the temperature in the circumpolar ocean. The temperature of the surface water down to'100 fathoms was 29°3 F. Below this layers of cold water, and at the bottom Dr. Nansen found warm
bergen the temperature again changed to water of 32°9 F. To the aged Spitz-bale the freesing point in depths of 500 fathoms and downward. These unexpected finds of a deep sea with degrees of heat hold out a prospect of understanding much of the economy of our globe in an altogether fuller manner than hitherto. The numerous and accurate observations taken on board the From of the direction and force of the winds, of the drifting of the ice, of the temperature and saliferousness of the sea water in diverse depths, will yield inestimable materials for the studying of the mechanics of the sea currents.
When we bear in mind that the weather in the north of Europe, and more especially that of Scandinavia, is materially determined by the currents and heat conditions of the Polar Sea, we can understand the valuable bearings of Dr. Nansen's expedition on weather signals. To the discoveries already mentioned must also be added the series of metereological observations made on board the From and by Dr. Nansen and Johansen on their long walk across the ice fields. The From can_ practically be regarded as a metereological station only 4 to 5 degrees from the Pole. We descry already the influence of the warm deep sea in the fact that the temperature on board the From never was below 29.6 F. below zero, while to the north of Norway we can show 31.4 F. and the Russians at the Lena River have registered as low as 62.0 F. below zero.- From March, 1895, to the summer of 1896 meteorologists are able to draw daily weather charts from the observations by the From, by Nansen and Johansen, by Jackson on Franz Josef's Land and by Ekrall on East Spitzbergen, a unique polar extension of the studies of the atmosphere.
Our knowledge of the magnetism of the earth is still imperfect: Series of magnetic observations with excellent instruments in the able hands of Lieutenant Scott-Hansen, B.N., are therefore sure to render results of the greatest possible interest to science. In our'own time with iron and steel ships these observations will also be of great. value to mariners as far as the compass concerned, In connection with the earth's magnetism I will also mention the numerous observations of aurora borealis instituted on board the From by Dr. Blessing.
In geographical results we hear-of the discovery of an island in the Kara Sea, and of several islands''along the coast of Siberia. Payér's chart of the northern parts of Franz Josef's Land was found to be quite fallacious. On Franz Josef's Land he met with Jackson occupied in giving geography a new map of this group of islands. By geological studies Dr. Nansen came to the conclusion that Siberia has had her glacial era, contrary to previous hypothesis.
As to studies of the fauna and flora the expedition cannot, in consequence of physical conditions encountered on its desert way, produce marked results, But it is probable that an eminent biologist like Dr. Nansen will be able to throw an interesting light on many of the conditions of organic life in the Polar Sea and the ice of the polar regions. Ib is very admirable that all the members of the expedition never had a moment's sickness during the whole time, and it is also a. triumph forthe. scientific' way in which Dr. Nansen equipped the expedition, It will take a long time before the observations from Dr. Nansen's expedition will be placed before the public ina scientific revision. Butithe book, when published, will form a radiant light in the world of science, and we Norwegians ar glad the light emanated from our own country and its brave son, Fridtjof Nansen.—Professor Mohnof Christiania University, in the Morgenbladet.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.