were naturall the line of what inay be done for China's future. His ideas are already familiar 10 you from his address: in China. He laid' stress upon the practi ability and desirability of an understanding, and working agreement between Great Britain, the United States, Germany, and Japwn in securing and maintaining' the "open door" in China, These few paragraphs following, express concisely the grasp of the policy he has formed and the methods by which he would see it carried out. The paragraphs are excerpts from his speeches in San Francisco, Chicago, and New York, "The policy I have advocated is one which makes for pence, and the interest and development of the trade of all nations, It is in no way a. selfish policy, for Great Britain or any other individual nation. The policy is embodied in the expression 'Open Door,' in other words, maintain the treaties as they stand at present, and thereby maintain the inter grity of the Chinese Empire.
"But unless China assists herself by organising her army for police purposes, international disturbances are sure to occur, which will result in the breaking up of the empire, and the sphere of influence' policy will become inevitable. Such a policy would ultimately lead to war, disturbing the interests of trade and commerce. The greatest interest of trade and commerce is peace. The problem, which is commercial, is one of the most igautic that has presented itself for solution this century.
"You ask, how can this open door possibly be carried out? Such a policy could easily be carried out by the four Powers interested in the trade of China insisting that the Chinese Government should place their army in effective and efficient organisa-1 under American, British, German and Japanese officers, the details to be arranged between the four Powers and China.
These four Powers have the right to insist that their trade and capital invested through treaty rights should be adequately protected. The four Powers have no wish to acquire Chinese and by that means be in a position to put on tantis excluding other nations from trade.
"T hold that a'country has perfect right to take steps that she thinks is for the interest and advantage of her people, but our business is to see that while she is doing this she does not take steps that will ead to the disadvantage of our Russia has, by the best computation, a military force of over 100,000 men' in Eastern Siberia and the North of China, out of which about 40,000 are scattered throughout Manchuria, "Although Russia's trade with C mall, particularly in Manchu is employing feverish haste in completing hee railway and fortifying military and naval bases "Tam most heartily in fu your of the so-called. Anglo-American alliance. Alliance, perhaps, is not the proper word. An understanding between two kindred people of the same blood, origin, sympathies, laws, and chivalrous, generous sentiment stronger alliance based upon. paper agreements or problematical issu With regard to that word alliance, not think itis a good word. I never, ther in the House of Commons or in the narks I have made about China and in other places, used the word aliixuce' alone; I have said commercial alliance.' An alliance in the ordinary sense of the term means defensive and offensive treaty, which, I believe, is committed to parchment, in which two countries agree to defend each other under all sorts and kinds of conditions.
"Tenn imagine nothing more foreign to American sentiment, or more foreign to. the sentiment of the country which Ihave the honour to represent. As you know, for many years we have been able to fight our own battles, and look after our own busi ness, without any alliance with anybody, We are very well able to take caro of ourselves.
"You are in exactly the same position, You can very well take care of yourselves and of your own business without anything whatever in the shape of such a matter or such an agreement as an alliance is generally understood to be. Therefore, T disclaim at once against anybody sug gesting that I mean by the word alliance offensive and defensive alliance between this country and Great Britain or between Groat Britain, this country, Germany, and Tapan.
"But there is another point—the idea of a commercial alliance. There may be ce-operation and there may be concurrence in questions of trading interests upon which we are absolutely united and intermingled, and it is that concurrence and thit cooperation that I endeavour to describe in this word alliance.'
It is a commercial alliance or if you like, scratch out alliance' altogether and use the word understanding.' For what? To keep the door open in China, not for our selfish selves—Groat Britain, America, Japan, or Germany—but to keep the door open with equal opportunities for all nations, with a fair field and with no favour to any one.
We (Great Britain and the United States) do not have to depend on conscripts to fight our battles, If our Queen or your President needs help, the whole nation rises as one man. Now, that seems to mo a very great thing; and at the present time it is especially important, because there is astrugzle going on in the world between two different types of governments, and nations are taking sides according to their interests.
"Tmean by this that the great manufacturing and colonizing nations want freedom of opportunities all over the world, and particularly in new countries, Strenuously opposed to them, consciously or unconsciously, are those nations that manage to save their tariffs and conscript tions. No one can blame them, for they are doing what seems to them necessary but from our standpoint, England, America, Japan, and in the end, Germany,
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.