The principal sufferers through this curious combination of haphazard methods and red tape, however, are the Chinese. At every point in the life of Urga the Chinese meet with inconvenience, even actual obstruction. This is the surprising in that the Mongols depend so completely upon the Chinese for their supplies and their labour. The Mongol in Urga does no work. China has the trade of Urga almost entirely, and if the Chinese were to enter upon a boycott the Mongols would soon be brought to reason. Competition among the Chinese themselves alone induces them to submit to the numerous disabilities under which they carry on trade in that region.
Mongolian products, mostly furs and wool, are now paid for in silver.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.