The Pao-ngan Tibetans are the most turbulent of all the Tibetans on the Kansuh border. They are either fighting among themselves or up in arms against the Government. My first visit there was 2+ years ago, just after the Moslem rebellion. The country "had not settled down. There were many brigands in the mountains ready to pounce upon any unprotected travellers. The day we arrived there we fortunately fell in with a military official with—_ several soldiers and kept in their company over the mountain. Going along the slope of the mountain we saw 15 or 16 spear heads, and every few minutes a head popped out here and there to see who we were and how many there were of us. Owing to our party being well armed they made no attack.
Reaching Pao-ngan we found the people restless, as General Ma An-Tiang was expected that day with his soldiers, sent by the Government to crush a tribal war, which had been going on for ten years. 'A young man had stolen a donkas from another tribe. They demanded it back, but the head men refused, so they went to war over it. The first combat resulted in one man being killed on one side and two on the other. This was not even, so they must fight again and the result again was not even: This warfare went on at intervals for 10 years, so the Government decided to interfere and soldiers were sent. Only to clear out quicker than they went, making their flight in the night. All these many years tribal quarrels have been going on itis five years ago when a Manchurian called In Kuang, made his appearance among them and stirred them up to fight to put the young Emperor once more on the throne. Great excitement prevailed everywhere among the Tibetans and Mongolians of the Kokonor. He gave it out that he was related to the royal family.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.