But now on this peaceful picture anew condition begins to make itself felt especially in the large port cities, with the introduction of modern power machinery and Western methods, bringing in their train the modern factory system. Where the system has appeared we find large groups of workers under a few employees, who own the implements of- production. The complexity of this system leads to an ever increasing separation between master and worker, so that eventually we get two distinct classes, capital and labour.
Moreover the old conditions of life are broken up, the old customs and conventions are losing their power and have ceased to be a safeguard. The old family system finds itself unable to stand against the new, force and the community is faced with the need of a development of a whole new set of standards. The old hand-driven looms are being replaced by machines, the old oil-mills, formerly a huge stone mili turned by water, the wind, or a buffalo or a blind man, are now being turned by gasoline or oil engines; and all the old methods are being replaced by modern systems.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.