Mr, Arnold Toynbee's Lecture:
Pitfalls to be Avoided Arnold Toynbee, of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, on December 31 ad-Gressed the American University Women's Club at the Foreign Y¥.M, C.A. on Bubbling Well Road on "China and Turkey.
Jin the course of his address, Mr. Toynbee said that Turkey and China were alike in their present situation, in that Both countries were thrown into a ferment by their] contact with western civilization fand both were making vigorous efforts te adjust themselves to the new situation and regain an cquilibriam. Hence what is happen ing in Turkey. may interest people in China, Toynbee then ctiitioned audience that, in making this parison, they must bear in mind the immense difference in scale between the two countries. The larger scale makes the situation, involving otherwise/ iden-problems, far harder for than for Turkey.
China and Turkey, according to Mr. Toynbee, are alike in that they started to westernize very late the day and against the grain, unlike, for instance, Russia of the time of Peter the Great or Japan of the Meiji Period, where the thing was done deliberately and betimes. In another respect, however, the westernization of Turkey differs from that of China and resembles what happened in Russia snd Japan. In Turkey, Russia and 'Japan, westernization was achieved from' "above downwards," the governments imposing it upon the Peoples, while in China, as in the Balkan countries, it has been. done "from below upwards," that is, the people overthrow the traditional governments, Another way of expressing the same difference is to say that Tu Turkey, Russia, and Japan, the westernization movement had - a military origin, whereas in China, it had a civilian origin.
The Women of Turkey Mr.' Toynbee then considered certain particular features of the Turkish revolution which may be of interest in China. He first took the position of the women of Turkey. "This is the "most permanent and solid accomplishment of the Turkish revolution," he said. "It affects every side of social life and its speed has been extraordinary, considering that, until recently, the' position of women in Turkey, fas in other Islamic countries, has been particularly backward.'
The change in Turkey, according to Br. Toynbee, has been due partly to the general influence of western ideas and partly to the services performed by Turkish women during the Great War and even during the Grace-Turkish war of 1919-
1922, and partly to a feeling in Turkey that the nation must make the fullest use of all its human resources if it is to survive" under the strenuous conditions of the modern. world.'
In adopting the Roman instead of the Arabic alphabet, they have done something more radical than China. That means a complete breach with Arabic and Persian culture. The change was carried through by the Government in a few months, thanks to. the small ize-of Turkey. The new alphabet was taught by a system of universal compulsory education, not only for school children but for adults up to the age of 40.
Tue wholesale price of Chinese rice ranged from $16.60.$17.50 "al on January 6, and. the Fetail. prices fixed by the local rice shops are as follows:—Rice of the best quality $17.60, good quality $17, ordinary quality $16.0, " Saigon Rice of the best quality $15.40, good $15, ordinary $14.20. cases, the contents avera found to fave been extracted. Each adéres-was requested to call at the Post Ofie to take delivery.
The ordinary mail matter appear ed fo be in good onder, but, as no record is kept of such matter, it impossible to say whether any ordinary letters, ete, were taken.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.