Before the beginning of the: eighties such books as W. A. [Martin's translation of Wheaton' International Law were—duding. serious readers. Fascinating vignettes fare given of Kang Yiu-wel, the Tender of the Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 and of his disciples, ran Ssu-tung and Liang Ch'i-ch' What an amazing, electrifying Influence K'ang had on those who gathered round him. For him learn-{ing was not, as it had been with the] Mteratl in general, the mumbling of old saws and trifling with elegant verse. It was stern attention to the real lessons of history and being a Confucianist of the best tradition st seems to have been born in on hin with the force of an apocalyptic vision that a day of salvation for mankind was dawning, and that he had a leading part' to play. He played it so well' that any nation Jwould be proud of his record. In such a man we see an instance, "not lof a struggle between East and' West, but of the way in which the Chinese mind presented with a whole new world of political experience could' Fetain ite' initiative and derive inspivation." As K'ang did not approve of republican principles, when, under Sun Yat-sen's influence, China turned in that direction he was left behind, "Nevertheless he continues to exert a spiritual influence down to the present day, The Emperor's Millions 'The forces which gave birth to that extraordinary figure, Sun Yat-sen, are outlined and we are able to follow the growth of the Revolutionary Party. Tt Is said that when China' was being urged to appoint diplomatic representations abroad, Jone, argument employed was that she jeould thereby protect her emigrant subjects, A certain offlelal replied that his master, the Emperor, had 50] many millions of subjects that it was immaterial to him what happened to the few hundreds who went abroad. Peking's lordly disregard of her em{- grants proved a costly mistake since in the first decade of the twentieth century the total ran into millions, Jand it was among these that Dr. Sun found his first supporters. Every' [student knows the result. After 1905 Dr. Sun's republican gospel attracted more and more support, and this continued down to the fateful year of} 1911 when the Republic came to birth, The influence of such European thought as that taught by Montes-Jquieuw and Bluntsehle is painted and) it Is noted how deep were the impressions their principles made on the minds of the reformers at the jond of the nineteenth century. This! led to codified law becoming a popular field of study and the effect of this is seen in the period 1012-1025 when, on the one hand, groups of} intellectuals were carried away by enthusiasm for foreign political institutions but having no practical knowledge asta how to make them work; and on the other hand, mercenary groups of adventurers built up spheres of military interest without the least concern for any political] principles, Western or Chinese. The} shock of the World War however was '80 staggering to Chinese minds that] it led to a gradual' revulsion against the idea of western superiority.
{Education Old and New If foreigners are to understand the significance of education in China, they must realize the peculiar religious sacredness attaching to it. In the fourth Chapter there is a delight. ful outline of the old Chinese educa. tion, of its humanism, its moral and {intellectual values and of its limita-
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.