As trench warfare developed the radical treatment of wounds crept neater and never to the front line until early in 1915, Casualty Clearing [Stations originally intended as temporary collecting posts for casualties from several field ambulances were gradually transformed into mobile hospitals with well equipped operating theatres. X-Ray installations and laboratories. General Hospials sprang up at all the Base Ports fand a magnificent ambulance train service superseded the original evacuation by improvised goods trains. Motor' ambulances were sent out in large. numbers and soon entirely replaced the horse ambul-tanees with which the Expeditionary Force hail set out. The next advance was the provision of specialists for Jevers branch of surgery in every hhospital—injuries of the eyes, ears. teeth, joints. bones, brain anid abdomen were under the supervision of specialists in each of these sections.
Some of my listeners may remember Boulogne in 1915—at the ginning of the Battle of Ypres. Boulogne dealt with 25,000 wounded in 15 days and in that' period jrew into the greatest hospital base tr history and the most perfect.
Meanwhile research workers bot at home and in France were solve problem after problem with rapidity which was almost miraculous, Tetanus was largely overcome the prophylactic treatment of every wounded man at the earliest pos sible moment with" anti-tetanic serum—here again some. of listeners "may remember the cryptic letters ATS, written. on their fore= heads with copying ink pencil. to warn doctors at all stopping places fon the way from front line to Base that anti-tetanic serum and. been
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.