For a more complete understanding of the forces which made China republic, it is necessary back to the T'aiping Reballion which threw the whole south and citral China into disorder, which destroyed the economic stability of the country and" weakened tie political and moral power of the Manchu Dynasty. Although the Taiping failed, they exeated a re-Yolationary atmosphere from which China has not yet recovered and which ultimately' ed to the bolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the republic, Folloving the T'aiping Rebellion the Mohammedan: Chinese Turkestan and Yunnan revolted and China' was" defeated by the European Powers and then by Japan, It was also during' this time that two Chinese were able to rise to power and to save the Manchu throne, Toong Kuo-fang and Li Hung-chang, who created mole! armies and who were successful where Manchus had. failed.
Ju their entourage, when they became almost greater than th viers, were many Chinese, par jiculinly t¥om South Chi Similarly, during this period, the foreigners tame to China to trade refusing, to abide by the mereantilistic laws which governed the Fmplte of China, The impact of the Industrial. Revolution in. west e: n Europe upon the unprogressive China of the Mancha Dynasty completely unsettled the country, ed to many changes in legal procedure and governmental activity, brought railways and telegraphs and the steamship, introduced the news-Baper and the modernized school Christianity ax a living force came +o China and the missionary spread throughout the land with his home ins every city as an "Island" of western" ideas and methods amidst China which had not changed uch in 600 yea A revolt against these changes resulted in the Boxer Rebellion, which even if it were a Summer Madness, cost China dearly, for a heavy indemnity was put upon the country, which had the effect of diverting a large share of the revenue of the Customs from national purposes to the payment of this indemnity, and also lost irrevocably the regard of the people for the Manchu dynasty, which was blamed for the uprising and ite frightful results, The fact that the Manchu court ran away from Peking, that foreign troops invaded the capital, that many of the national monuments were destroyed served to cause many of the more intelligent Chinese to wonder whether there must not be a change in the method of governing China. Before ti Boxer Rebellion and during the following decade, a reform movement developed in which Kang Yuwei, Liang Chi-chao and others played so important and heroic a part, But due to the obscurantist attitude of the court this movement failed and was driven underground.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.