The two parties have entrenched themselves in certain places, For instance, the State of New York is normally Republican, but the city of New York is normally Democrat-
The Boss.
The position of the Boss in the American political party ix decidedly unique. Nowhere else does such 4 person exist, A hoxs is a politic-who holds no office, is inno way responsible to the voters, ean= not he controlled by the usual processes of legislative discipline; yet who by controlling the machine ery of political party ix able, not only to xelect men for office, but also to determine their conduct while in office, Sometimes one finds an educated, college-bred hors Hike William Barnes of Atbany of at other times one finds an jjgnorant, but astute son of the slums like Charles F. Murphy of Tammany Hall, 'These bosses manipulate the party organization. 'They play the game, as it is called. Righteous mon, like Roosevelt, fought them and' remained independent and strong. But most men give Hine of least resistance ix, after the surest road to success in party polities, The boss does not crave personal popularity. He is usually a sitent, shy personage, one who hides. be: hind the eloquence and tambour To him polities ix a bu democracy tool. American part-fos have not yot been able to develop grent leadership, although both parties independent and keen-minded patriotx have fought—the organization of the boss. They have usually been defeated—juxt as the federalisties were defeated because they could not keep their fences mended.
The parties would have easy sailing and the bosses could make satisfactory deals amongst thei selves, were it not that the largest part of the American people have a wholesome disrespect for both part-The American, particularly in the politically crucial mi idle West-fern States, votes not for parties but for men, Ho trusts the man rather than the campaign document, He studies the man rather than the abstract issues compounded by the orators. Thus, Coolidge is being: advertised as a farmer, & poor man, a country lawyer, in contrast, with Davis, the gentleman of wealth, the diplomat and international lawyer. The politicians of both afraid of a man like the Democratic candidate for President because their experience has been that such men, once they are in office, know no boss, recognize no rights' of party save those that are strictly honourable anid expected,—He does not "play the game."
Mr. Charles T. Graham, of the staff of the Shanghai U.S.- Consulate-General, has just been notified lof his promotion from the unclassifed list of foreign service officials Class VIII.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.