Again let mo explain the origin of a'people. Man is the most intelligent of creatures, a living. active being, and distinct from the animal world, Mankind is fundamentally divided into the five races, the white, black, red, yellow, and brown, Each race divides again into many tribes such, for instance, as those of Asia, the best known of which are the Mongols, the Mino, [Editorial Note: China's " southern and western aboriginal peoples. of various stocks, now largely absorbed, are generally known as Miao. Some are dis-unitedly observe any special customs, in process of time these customs bind them together as a people. So if we study the diverse branches of mankind awe find that the reasons for their becoming distinct peoples fare shown in the five forces above mentioned—kinship, mode of living, language, religion and custom. These five factors are evolved naturally and are not the outcome of conquest by military aggression. [Editorial Note: According to these} five tests China, which has come into being through military expansion largely, is not a "natural" nation, since' her component peoples have differed widely in origin, lange uage and customs.] In comparing therefore these forces with military} power, we are able to distinguish between what is a people and what is a nation, tinctly of Negrito stock, others more closely related to the Burmese, Siamese and Tibetans than to the Chinese- The whole racial discussion here is hopelessly—unscientific] the Japanese, the Manchus, and the Chinese. Speaking generally we may say this divisic into tribes is the result of natural forces, but many. factors are cluded, the chief of which is blood relationship. The yellow Chinese people have their origin in the yel-Tow race. Whatever the original characteristics of the ancestors, these characteristics are perpetually present and handed down in a people, therefore the influence of {kinship is exceedingly great. The Second important factor is the manner of living. The methods of obtai a livelihood being different, the character of the people is also different. For instance the Mongols are dependent on grass and green herbage, and their occupation that of nomadic shepherds. Who ever there is grass, there they lead their flocks, and it is this nomadic character thf has determined th qualities as a people. The sudden rise of the Mongols to power was owing to thix predilection. [Hair terid Note: Here, in the full text, "Save China"
Our examination of the and continuance of nations both. ancient and modern, is in order to secure the permanence of our people! and to save China, To do this, we! must understand the principle of Nationalism, then we shall be able to flourish as a nation, But the Chinese only know a unity of fami they have national spirit, therefore, although; the 400,000,000 constitute the Chinese nation, it is really a body. it without cohesion, and has become at the present time the poorest and: weakest country in the world. We} hold the lowest position in the community of nations, and are merely the prey of other and stronger powers, So you see that. at the present time our position is) tone of the gravest danger, and if we do not emphasize our character; as a people, and consolidate our 400,000,000 into a strong nation, we: are doomed to destruction. In order avert this peril let us' pay great! attention to this question, and, serting the spirit of nationality, save our country.
The Great Powers follows a brief account of Mongol history in which the impression is given' that the Mongols united Europe and Asia under the control.} The reason for such a display of military strength Tay in their habits and characteristics nomads and shepherds, being able to wander from day to day without any thought or fear of distance, Language, Relixion and Custom The third important factor is that of language. Supposing an outside tribe learns our Inixcuagé, they easily come under our influence, and Ey degrees become one with us as a people, On the other hand, if we Team the language of a foreign nation, we easily come under that nation's influence. If people have common kinship and ancestry, and have the same language, they are lore than ever open to transforming influences. So we see that language plays a most important part in the Formation of a people. The fourth factor is religion. When men worship similar deities, or believe in the same ancestry, they are able to form themselves into a people. Religion is a tremendous power in the making of a nation. Take for stance Arabia or Judea. These!
kingdoms have been defunct for very long time, but the Arabs and the Jews remain to this day. The reason for their continued existence lies in their religion, although their Kingdoms ure no more. You all know that the Jews of the present} day are to be found in all lands. Some of the most famous scholars of the world such as Marx and Einstein are Jews. Moreover they' hold, as capitalists, the chief financial power both in England and America. The Jews as a race are exceedingly intelligent and clever and this fact, coupled with thei religion, keeps them together as a nationality, although _dispersed throughout many countries. The reason why the Arabs have also been able to preserve their national-_ ity. is because they are Mohammedans. Then again, the people who most tenaciously hold to Buddh-_ ism are the Indians. Although thei country has been conquered Britain, the people still undestroyed. [Editorial Note: scarcely need be pointed out that, Buddhism is not now the religion of India, and that the peoples of} Tndia are by no means a racial unit.)
The fifth important factor is custom. If a tumper of men To accomplish the salvation of the country, we must first find out] wherein lies our danger. To realize our perilous position, the best thing to compare ourselves with the people of the Great Powers, and we shall then clearly understand. Before the Great European War! there were seven or eight country that could be called the Gre Powers. The greatest was Britain; the strongest were Germany, Aus-trio, and Russia; the wealthiest was America. Of the newer powers we have Japan and Italy. After the war, three of these were destroyed. Now the only first class powers that remain are Britain, America, France, Japan, and Italy. England, France, Russia, and America each have a distinct nationality. The basis of the nation that hus develop ed into the British Empire is the Armlo-Saxon race; their country is England and Wales, and they numder only about 38,000,000. These may be called the pure British stock, [Ediferial Note: The Seottish and Irish seem to be excluded.) They form tie strongest nation in the world. A hundred years ago they only numbered 12,000,000, but they have multiplied three-fold and now number 38,000,000,
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.