Now we come to the fourth stage, that of civil war, when men fight against their rulers, and which might be called a conflict between good and bad men, between Right and Might. In this era the power Jof the people has gradually inereased, so we may call it the period the People's Sovereignty, and it is the New Age. Now that we have Jarrived at this New Age and overthrown the imperial rule of the Past, is it good Or not?, Formerly. when men were ignorant, they. depended upon enlightened ' ralers and virtuous statesmen for direetion, and at that time imperial rule was' necessary. Before that time] the sages gave instruction in divine things in order to keep society together, and in that period the power of the gods was indispensable. But now, both daemonic and princely power are relics of the past.
In this period of the people's sovereignty, upon what principle do we base our opposition to monarichical rule? The role of the people is absolutely necessary, because in these times culture has made great progress, and men's knowledge has! increased to such an extent that they are thoroughly conversant with things. It is like this: When we were children we needed the care of our parents, but now that we fare men and' earning our own 1g, we do not need to rely on them, but are independent.—Unfortunately there are still many' scholars who uphold the principle! of monarchical rule and reject that of the rule of the peo pit, There! are large numbers of such students; in Japan and also in Europe. Many of the old-time scholars in China are the same, and the larger} number of old officials even now] advocate the restoration of the emperor and absolute power. Of} the scholars in the country to-day, some of them maintain the principle of monarchical role and others. that of government by the people; 0 at present we are unable to decide on the precise form. of government. It will be well for us who advocate democratic rale to make a study of the conditions under which it is carried] out in other countries, The Sovereignty of the Peopé
From 200,000 years ago until jover 10,000" years ago was the period of daemonic rule, a rule thet was entirely in accordance with the movements of that time, Suppose at the present time in Tibet a rule was to be! suddenly established, the people would be certain to' oppose him. This would be because they worship religious head—suppert the Living Buddha, whose power they venerate and whose commands they It.was the same in Europe The advance of civilization in China was earlier "than in Europe, and monarchical rule was much more effective than the rale of the gods, therefore China had in very early times it8 period of imperial power. is The term "Sovereignty of the People" is a term that has come in with the present generation, Réitorial Note: Presumably in Chima tay, the thor meant, thers Jor'teth te photo ud the sea! Dre Kex'demonscraten later thet Meneiut the tea more than £000
You who have come to-day, agree with my revolutionary ideas, and naturally maintain the idea of the People's right to rule. All the old officials who would restore the former regime, are naturally oppos. ed to it, and advocate imperial power, Now which is the most suitable for Chiva at the present day, monarchical or democratic rule? This sul ject is well worth considering. Power in itself, whether that of the ruler or the people, is necessary. for control and govern ment, and exercised for the good of wien; but the circumstances of government in all ages have been different, and the methods used Lave also been different. Now after ull, is democratic role the proper} thing for China to-day or not? Some people say the standard of the Chinese is too low, and control by the people is not suitable, America is a country where the power lies in the hands of the hands of the people. Unfortunately when Yuan Shih-kai- wanted 10 emperor there was a university} professor named Governor _who came to China advocating monarchieal tele, Editorial Note: Thi Frank Goodenow, now Johns Hopkina Unive fy, cho, (ibieets). tae induced 10. writ memorandum. on. Government in Cina without Knowing that it won wed by Yuan Shikeka?
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Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.