When the people have obtained the four rights by which to control the government, what method must]
used in the' work of government? For this work to be done it is necessary to have perfect machila which is the five-phase constitution. A government which ruses this constitution is a perfect! [system of government, With this perfect system. of] government, the work done on behalf of the people will also be perfect. Formerly an American scholar speaking about the newest things in the science of government said that what was to be most feared in any country was oan all-powerful absolute government that the people could not control. The thing to be desired is an all-powerful government that the people Jean make use of for their own welfare. With such a government, Jdemocratie control is bound to develop.
Just "now in my discrimination atween authority and power, we said that the people are the chief-engineer and the government is the machine. In one sense we want the government machine to be of full power so that it can do any this at the same time we want the chief engineer, that is the people, also to have great power, so that they can. control this all-powerful machine. In that case what great authority is necessary in order to adjust. the balance between the people and the government? With reference to the authority of the people, have already explained that they must have the four rights of election, recall; legislation' and revision. With regard to the government there ust be five phases of authority. ment by the people when by the use of the four democratic rights, the people are able to, control this five-}phased regulative authority., With this kind of government system, the power of the people and that of the government is equally balanced.
In order to understand the rela-j|tionship between the two kinds of rights, the following diagram will illustrate, himself; the rights of examination Jand of inspection are independent rights. Even with. regard to the former despotic government China we may say that its possession lof the three rights was very different. from the former despotic governments of foreign country In earlier times the power of foreign despotic governments was entirely in the hands of the Emperor, but in China the two rights of examination and inspection were not, the three-fold division of govern~ ment power was the same in China, tal Authort rig th repeal The tibet egaate Tae tien to recall The igh to dest Tewectod Rxaminog Adm trative. Legat ey Judett Control ofthe Government At the top, we see governmental authority, which is the authority of At the bottom regula-
In order to control the activities of the government, the people must exercise the right to elect, to recall, to legislate, and to repeal. The government in its work on.behalf of the people, exercises judministrative, legislative, judicial, examining, and inspecting authority, With these nine phases of authority 'a proper balance is achieved, the problem of democratic rule is truly solved, and government proceeds in its proper path. product the moment. For These nine phases are not just the of instance with regard to governmental authority, three of these phases are exercised in Switzerland, but Hhave no right of recall. In some of the northwestern states of America, apart from the three phases used in Switzerland, they have also added the right to recall. As for the right vote, this is a democratic right to be found in all countries. So speak. ing of the general position of democratic rights in the world Switzerland already exercises three of these rights, and in America lof the states have In those places where these four rights are carefully exercised, very ood results have been obtained, and these rights are not merely false ideas but actual facts of experience. We can choose to use these with Speaking of the rights of government originally being in the hands Jof one supreme ruler, we may say that after the revolution these rights Jwere divided into three, as in America when -after became independent the three rights were established with good results, After this all the other "nations copied America,
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.