During the winter, 1921-22 0 military and political coalition, with Marshal Chang as leader, was organized with the avowed purpose of eliminating Marshal Wu Pei-Members of this coalition were the Manchurian military leaders, the Anfu leaders under Marshal Tuan, the Chiaotung faction headed by Mr.
Shih-yi, the Tuchuns of Honan, Anhui and Chekiang, and the Kuomintang in the south under the Into Dr. Sun Yat-sen, However, this Inter met with failure as som of the members of the coalition lost courage. The result of ighting commenced on April. 18 and lasted until May 4 when Marshal Chang's troops in the west of Peking had suffered heavy loss at the hands of Marshal Feng hsiang's 11th Division. The evacuation commenced at once and by May 4 Chang's entire force was en route for Mukden. On May 1, Presidential Mandates were dis mit Marshal Chang ditions, abolishing the posts of High Inspecting Commissioner of the Three Eastern Provinces: and the High Commissionership of Mongolia, countermanding all honours conferred upon' him, and ordering him to submit himself to the law to be dealt with. Ever since this defeat, Manchuria, under Chang's rule, has been independent of Peking (except for the period of his Dictatorship) with himself as Commander-in-
Chief of the Forces for the Maintenance of Peace and Order in Manchuria,
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.