'Looking at the above gures which show that the largest percentage of 'Tapanese' imported goods does not exceed 65 per cent, it can hardly be ald that the door is mot open to foreign trade, the great difference being that while in 1980 the Japanese imports consisted of 30 per cent. at prevent they have almost doubled themselves, which, however, is not very extraordinary, considering that Japan is nearest to Manchoukwo and hho naturally every facility for carry-{ing on trade in the latter country?
must, however, not be supposed that the enormous increase in Japan-tore goods in owing to their cheapness, which, as a rule, is from 30 to 50 per cent. below those of competing ones, but the efforts made by the Japanese Government and Japanese commercial circles have greatly conduced to this result, A great role is being played by Government subsidies for foreign trade, the growth of capital invest. ments, the commercial flexibility of Tapanese Importers and the intensive Work. in the study of Manchurian markets, as well as specific measures Undertaken for their capture, Before 1931 there was not so much capital invested in Northern Maneharia og there was in the South, Brut. the furtherance of the sale Japanese goods in, the North was) preceded by very detailed investiga-Tons and study of the market, without which the results would' never: have been the same as they are at the present moment.
mongst. the many measures employed, there is no doubt that the Hirst place should be given to the Gevelopment of a net of organizations: and the creation of a large number Of organs, having for their purpose the protection and support of come mercial interests of Japanese Import ers, such organizations being tablished not only in Manchoukuo, Dut. also in Japan, The Chambers of Commerce play an_important role, especially those" In Dalton, Antung, Yinkow, Mukden, Hainking and Harbin, the most.im: Dortant of these being Dairen and Harbin, while there are a number of Similar, institutions: in emailer" towns which carry on similar work as that done by the Chambers of Commerce: fn'former days, these Chambers of Gommerse were carried on in a Surenueratle manner. but during. the pas three years, the personal initiative Japanese merchants has completely Changed the style of these Chimbers of Commerce, and caused them how much more activity.
"The local Harbin Chamber of Commerce, which at the end of 1081 had only 110 members, mostly large con Cora with Japanese capital, hes now Snereased its) membership' to. 224, While that of "Hsinking (formerly Changchun) which at the end of 1082 had only 42. members, has now In~ creased to Chambers of Commerce must be Sapanese' citizens, and mixed. Japese Manchurian' oncome cannot Rhese Chambers of Commerce, there members, Besides the Jap-
Gre Japanese Trading Museums' whose Drinelpal function is to have samples the, manufactures. of various Shattian centres of Japan always and to regular" hold" exhib tion amongst local Japanese residents, thus giving Japanese traders the possibility of adopting different methods {in trade as customary in the various regions of Manchuria.
Taking into consideration the great importance of Trading Museums, the 1991, and 446 on the Ist April, 1094. These organizations give assistance {io their members and bring the seller unto connection. with Japanese banks ]who are agreeable to give credit for the Import of Japanese goods into Manchuria. Assistance has been for from the SMLR. who have loaned 5 million yen as a fund for the development of these organizations. Purthermore, in almost all the large towns Jof Manchuria there are "Town Credit Trstitutions" established on the lines lof mutual credit, and so rapidly have these kinds of organizations increased, that from 5 in 1028 there were! 15 registered in. 1081, and at present they number 26. The total number of members of such "Town Credit Trstitutions" consisted of 1.883 1981, 2.108 in 1982 and over 2,500 at the beginning of 1934.
"There Is also a system of regional and industrial -amalgamation of merchants and exporters, there being] now 402 amalgamations of such natur: these representing §5 goods gran Including the largest producers of textile cotton goods, ceramic] articles' and fruit.
The Central Japanese Chamber of Commerce has its representatives at} Dairen, Mukden, " Hsinking and Harbin, from whom information is received of the situation in the markets, but it should be mentioned That these have not always been correct, as judging by articles which appeared at the beginning of this year in the Japanese press, the information from Manchurian branches exaggerated the capacity of the} market, in consequence of which there was a considerable excess, of sartain lines of goods in the frst quarter of 1934.
'The conquest of the Manchurian' market is" far from limited to {institutions alone, and the success 2f the sale of Japanese goods in Manchuria hes been to no small degree assisted by the great number of touriste Visiting the country from central Dusiness circles, as well as scholars special educational institutions. According to statistics issued by the SMR., 8,000 excursionists visited Manchuria during the summer of] 1992, and according to the data the Japanese Tourist Bureau 369 groups have. visited Manchuria in the first 9 months of 1034, with a total of 22,315 persons.
The main mass of these excursionists visited the most important centres of South the North Manchuria and made educational trips fon the Manchurian railways. Thus. Harbin has been visited in 1993 by 230 groups, representing 7.517. person, and in the first 7 months iga4" by 202 groups, representing 5334 people.
For the purpose of establishing] economic connection between, native traders and Japanese firms and becoming acquainted with the in-Gustrial centres of Japan, native merchants have visited the towns of Yokohama and Osaka on the invitations of Japanese trading organiza. tions, and during the summer of 1994 there -were 59 excursions of whic the largest was one consisting of 80 commercial men from Tsitsihar who made a trip to Osaka, the expenses of this trip being paid by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Japanese commercial association of Teitsihar.
Notice should also be made of the special missions sent from Japan. which make wide acquaintance with the work carried on in Man-
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.