These bids arise from the logical bidding situations, and have as object to keep the bidding low after partner has shown sign of strength, marder not to, shut-out any chance of game at "Three No-trump" by any unnecessary jump.
Such situations generally when the partner of opening. bidder responds with "Two. No-tramp" (either ut once or gradually), and his partner reopens the bidding' witha new suit." Also when part: ner of opening bidder valses' the! bid made, and" croning hand xeopens the bidding with a new suit.
For instance:
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.