Free Rice Given to Men Who Fought Well im Battle The rise and fall of the Manchu Dynasty was the subject of an address given by Dr. ¥, S, Han, Professor of Government at St. John's University, to. Rotarians at their weekly luncheon gathering at the Metropole Hotel on Thursday. His his torical outline characterized the pltn falls into which " conquering nation apt to step unless led by able leadfers." First came dominance, then ah effort to win the sympathies of the subjected nation. Partial success resulted false security and the ugly head of "squeeze" appeared, The downward grade of the Manchus dated from the Opium Wars. Shortly after wards the kingdom was laid by famines and floods. Then the Taiping Rebellion and in 1011, following the Boxer Rebellion, there was no backbone left and the dynasty died 'a natural death.
Dr. Han introduced the Manchu people as a band of barbarous people Tnhabiting the mountainous regions of the Sungar! River, uneducated and living on raw flesh,'who later came to overthrow the Ming Dynasty, The cities of the Lisotung Peninsula, he said, were taken by the Manchus through the folly of the Ming fenders in most instances, Dr, Han showed several scrolls which were given to men who had distinguished themselves "in battle allowing the holders to draw free rice for a certain length of time. But th subjection of the Chinese people was never really accomplish said.
jock the Manchus 40 days to march from Shanhaikwan to the Be gates of Peking. It took them 40 years to unify Chini the support of Chinese scholars. The last Ming emperor was buried amid much pomp, and Chinese were allo ed. to. sign. themselves "on off documents by using the word "of lal," instead of "slave," as was the usual custom when the Manchus con quered a people. Although every endeavour Was made to gain the respect of scholars, these men were much opposed. to their new rulers. Kang-hsi, especially, did all he could to foster learning and himself became scholar.
Chien-lung succeeded Kang-list and added much territory' to the Manchu empire, He made punitive excursions even as far as Burma, into Tibet, and Formoss. "Squeeze" came when men started to pay for their wu positions and those of their sons. Dr, Han gave instances of Tls. 1,855.26 being pald, and Tls. 480 for a position for a boy of fifteen years old. Dr. Han did not speak for long on the decline of the Manchus, merely men-Yoning the Taiping rebellion, which Drought strife to the land for fifteen years and costs millions of lives. The end to the dynasty was written when the Boxer Rebellion was quelled, Lowoox mall dated May 28 was received in Shanghai on June 15 by way of Siberi competitors handled their weapons, and by the standard of firing point He had come to the conclusion that the average standard of markemanship was improving and that the good work being done by unit instructors way largely responsible for this re-
The even distribution of the prize Uist throughout units, with the aps pearance thereon of many new names, both of units and of individuals, was matter for congratulation,
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.