This might be traced partly to the cashiering of Chi, partly to} Chang Yuan-ming's ' continued hold on Lunghua, partly to the coveted opium revenues of the Shanghai area. Chi at first attempted to brazen out his missal. But treachery, again, wrecked him, Han Kuo-chun, the Civil Governor of Kiangsu, and, worst of all, Chen Tiao-yuan—Governor of Hsuchowfu, the northern gate of the province, and Chi's special protégé—going over to the enemy; and on December 28 Chi withdrew to Shanghai. The story of the war runs into this year but may conveniently be followed here. In the first week of January 'Sun Chuan-fang started an attack' on Chen Yao-san and the 4th Division (see defeat of Lu Yung-hsiang above) at Sungkiang, whom he had little difficulty i defeating. On January 10, Chi Hsieh-yuan, who had been joined by his old division, the 6th, and supported by the 19th, moved round the Settlements from the Chapei side (which was loyal to him) to attack Chang Yuan-ming at the Arsenal. The battle, beginning briskly, continued for three days desultorily and ended in the complete victory of Chi. About 11,000 of Chang's troops took refuge in Shanghai, laying down their arms, and were terned. Within two weeks they, being Shantu men, were shipped off, at the expense of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, to Tsingtao, whence most if not all of them were railed back to Nanking to re-enlist under Lu Yung-hsiang.
The latter, appointed by Peking as Pacificator of Kiangsu, Kiangsi and Anhui, had arrived in Nanking on January 8, whither also was sent Chang Tso-lin's -Ist Fengtien Army, including a regiment of "White" Russians, commanded by Chang's best general, Chang Chung-chang, Thus were the positions of the September war strangely reversed, Chi now defending what he had then attacked and Lu attacking what he had once a defended. Chi's chances, if any, were again spoiled: by treachery, the navy turning on him at Changchow and the 19th division declining to stand at Wusih (where he had formed a line from the Taihu on his left to Kiangyin on the right) on January 25. But the Russian name struck panic in his troops. On January 28 Chi fled to Japan and on the 29th the Fengtien soldiers, with a small Russian detachment, under Chang Chung-chang arrived at—Shangh: There remained to be dealt wi Sun Chuan-fang of Chekiang who had supported Chi and even developed a line of attack along the west shore of the Taihu. Fengtien could have smashed him easily enough. But Tuan Chi jui_in Peking was bent on manifestation of peacefulness and on February 3 Chang Chung-chang drove round Shanghai to} announce to the Consuls that peace had been concluded, that Sun Chuan-fang would withdraw his troops from Lunghua and Kiangnan Arsenal be closed as 4 military establishment—and handed to the Chinese merchants for industrial purposes. These two events took place on February 4. For the also promised demilitarization of Shanghai, which is to be placed under a Civil Director, we are still waiting, And what of the illicit opium trade and its vast emoluments?
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.