specta TO rnk "xpx? ut appearance of Itered or otherwise i notes, offered as pay mi ut in Chinese: cabarets, hotels and shops, has concentrated attention on means of detecting the spurious of certain types of notes. The par printing, correspondence of figures and writing, correspondence of Chinese characters with English words; dates, places of issue, and over-stamping are factors considered, One of the surest means of detecting the falseness of notes produced with spurious plates or raising the denomination of good notes, provided by microphotography, an art practised by both professional and amateur photographers, In the Shanghai Municipal Police, Sub-Insp. R. I. Fernandez has given special attention to this work and has spent much time on the technique of this type of photography, which is also! known as photomicrography A favourite trick of forgers alter the figures or figure wording on genuine notes of small denomination, some with inks and others by pasting printed figures over the original numbers, raising the figures from 1 to 10, from 5 to 50, ete. On the whole these alterations are ez ily detected and the notes can only be passed in a rush, In China there is, further, chan: the names of some of the provine; cities to "Shanghai" on otherwise genuine notes that for political or other reasons have been declared invalid, as for instance the Central Bank of China 1926 Hankow issue.
Where out-and-out forgeries are concerned, the poor quality of the peper often gives a clue. Quite apart from the paper, however, the printing frequently tells the story and is a much easier check than the engraving. Practically all bad notes bear defective printing—over-in is a common fault and one which is detected easily especially in the background of the pictures on the notes, The shading on the background is important. On genuine notes i is done by means of thin lines very to each other. The engraver in the first place finds this hard to copy and even the best forgers are liable to slight it. But even when perfection is accomplished by the engraver, the printer using a hand-press finds it practically impossible to print with skill, The genuine otes all are printed on large machines having perfect ink control The forger's ink, on the other hand, runs, resulting in very irregular. broken lines and smudged shading.
This same fault may also be seen the lines of the figures. A power lens, of course, makes the defect ye plain
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.