In 1919, when Bolshevism began to aprond allover the Russian Far East, the influx of refugees increased con: siderably—several thousands a y some of them settling "down Shanghai, but mostly. passing, through on their way to Europ The biggest wave of Russian refugees came to Shanghai in 1922, when several thousands of the un: fortunate population of, Vindivostok and the remnants of the White armies in Siberia, wore brought to Shanghai on several ships of Admiral Stark's fleet, The fleet consisted of fow obsolete steamers and lighters and every inch of their decks was filled to" capacity with the sick, starved and nervously shaken people, men, women and children.
There were difficulties in obtaining permission to land the passengers of this sorrowful fleet but finally it was obtained and the Russian community of Shanghai at once became bigger by 3,000
By no means wealthy or economieally strong, the Russian com-
necessary food and shelter for their munity could of provide alone the newly arrived compatriots and it was the generous and hearty assistance of other foreign communities that made possible the solution of this jeult problem.
The Language Difficulty was not an easy thing for the newcomers to find employment and moons to exist. The circumstances of life and trade were very from those they knew in Rus above all, Shanghai speaks languages they did not know.
With the course of time, however, and with the same helping hand of foreign friends, the Russian refugees pulled through' and began to get on their feet.
There are now about 13,000 Russians in Shanghai, engaged in all sorts of professions, business or trade, "If in former days there were tain, occupations considered taboo" for the foreigner in Shanghai in their struglo. for exis tence, the Russian refugees may have committed certain breaches of eti quetta; they became chauffeurs, servants, small shopkeepers, ete. There was even a case when a desperate Russian intended to become a ricsha thus challenging not only the rules of the foreign etiquette but the never disputed domain of the Chinese coolie.
'The fronts on which the Russian refugees fought their way into the lite of this great international city were divers and many: boarding houses and provision stores Hongkew, dining rooms, "bakeries, cafes, millinery' shops on Avenue Joffre, ete, Many found employment with large foreign institutions such a Shanghai Power Station, Waterworks or Municipal Services. A once $0 powerful predecessor. considerable number are engaged in office work.
'The "Intelligentsia'
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.