The progress of Trade Unionism is not particularly electric, and as the subject is often discussed it may be useful to see how far that modern adjunct to industrial development has ne in India:
This brings out consideration el the notion of the "mass-man'
Revolutionary reforms have regarded this factor as a power. Have not the majority the might through which to take what has not been voluntarily shared? To the eye of Justice 1t is the equality of all men Whether as sons of God, as rational animals or as sensitive beings capable St happiness, which is the essential point. Differences may be neglected he due of all is the same in goods material and spiritual,—Bentham's maxim of Greatest Happiness of the greatest number, with "everybody Count for one, nobody for more than one, is animated by the same idea, Vet men are hero still thought of as individuals, their happness may take different. "forms. Justice does not Fequire that all shall receive the same treatment. for this might be the greatest inequality, To each the Opportunity of performing his own function, as conceived by Plate. As, however, the insistence on equality grows in emphasis the unlikenesses fend to be discounted. It is enough that all are human. it is safest io keep to this simple fact lest the rejected, class divisions return. Re-Cognition of difference of function led in Plate to the class-ridden state. The question is asked whether mien, in this notion, represent to themselves, as it were, the rock-bottom of mankind which hast Jast been reached, which clone deserves a millennium, and which can alone achieve it is doubted whether "the universal quality can be retained, when for humanity the mas: has been substituted.—The mass is the community organized perfectly for survival, as if the type were the beehive. It is the society striving to maintain itself in competition with Uther societies. Those who affect the Snalogy with the social insects seem overlook this.
Never-Ceasing Struggle A good deal of attention is given to the writings of modern observers, particularly Mr. and Mrs, Sidney Webb's examination of Soviet Communism, and the author's penetreting analysis of the fallacies into Which modern critics are led is well worth reading, and, better still, careful study. The conclusion is that no community has yet been capable of complete freedom:
tice of the state as power, or the for this reason that the idea and PIRE state in its full development has had its victories. A never-ceasing struggle or labour is necessary to the consummation of liberty. Even Smongst peoples who approach its Achievement most nearly in One or fore forms or aspects, this is undeni-Abie as evidenced in England, notably ünder Cromwell but also in the nineteenth century..
This is attributed to the fact that freedom depends on the deepest sources of human nature and no external power can confer it The external forms may be fora time. enjoyed. whilst inner freedom with its creative force has for been won. If we are robbed of the "external forms, the feeble Strength of freedom within has then power to face the forces which re arrayed against it. I would sug-thai behind the main stream of history to-day, there may be gathering the strength demanded for the purification of the spirit of liberty Without which this power will not be restored. The chief source for a new Access of strength lies in the sufferings of the age covered by the last twenty-three years.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.