(By -Arrangement with Cholera Cholera, having been absent for four consecutive years, re-appeared during the last week of August. The Shanghai outbreak was preceded by others at Hoihow Canton, Hongkong, Hankow, Amoy and Swatow in that order. Ningpo, Nanking and Hangchow recorded their first cases at later dates. Though the order in which the various towns were affected and the time lag between each successive outbreak were such that a spread of the infection from one primary focus appears to be the most reasonable explanation, the possibility that outbreaks occurred independently in several places cannot entirely be ruled out. Particularly is this so in the case of Shanghai, where the first case was not detected until eleven days after the outbreak of hostilities, during which time there was a general efflux of popula-tio from Shenghai, and the posibility of the introduction of the ase from without, except from the immediately surrounding territory, was reduced to a minimum.
Whilst it is difficult to trace the true origin of cases, the fact that the first case appeared among refugees, late in the cholera season. lends some support to the belief that
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