When it is low water at "laining, the water is rising so that the slope from Kanpu is reversed, the Aifferenee between Kanpu and Hal ing being quoted as 12 ft. As th condition becomes critical, the wa breaks and runs up-river in the form of a bore, After sandbags have caused a division near Kanpu, one current continues up-channel, while another is turned towards the southern shore, and again deflected north, causing it to run against the Sea wall at right angles to the current, Meeting ome 13 miles below Haining, they then career on as one wave, the height and force of which depend primarily on the state of the tide, the bore being highest as a general rule at the equinoxes, or when it is new or full moon. Other factors are the wind, the volume the river discharging, and the ind bars change with every tide, but appear to shift back and forth across. the river according to the season.
As long as 45 minutes or an hour before the bore arrives at the Pagoda, the roar of the rising water may be'heard at Haining. The first appearance of the bore has been well described as ''a long white streak across the horizon, alternately rising and falling. Shortly after it comes in sight, junks riding in on the after-rush may be seen. The wave from the southeast super-imposes itself on the wave from the east about 10 miles below Haining, reach-ting its maximum height near the Haining Pagoda. From there it begins to fall away." The front of the bore advances at about 15 knots at spring tides, and eight to ten knots at neaps.' After the vertical front has passed, the water rises 8 to 10 ft. in an hour, and the tidal stream runs rapidly.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.