Dr. Kahn Discusses Their Forms and History The various ud sundry ways In or associations itt restraint of trade, operate were Interest ingly explained by Dr, Rudolf Kahn, of Gray's Inn, at the Compara-ive Law School of China on Satur day. Dr. Kahn particularly. diseussed the position of these associations under English Law. He said, im part:
"the principal varieties of associa ions in restraint of trade are, according to the methods applied: associations imposing general terms and regulations upon the trade; ing selling prices absolutely, or minimum selling prices; portioning out the markets amongst the members, sartain industries where work is al-atled by tender, associations may decide upon which member shall put in the lowest tender, on the under standing that the other members will receive compensation from the suecessful tenderer. A high form is the association with a common' selling agency, whereby the members do not sell directly, but turn their output over to the' common selling agency in order {0 avoid under-cutting.
There are associations regulating output, which may proceed in various ways, They may either fix the out-ut of each member absolutely or may arrange that only a proportion of the lant of each member shall be work-€d during a period of depression. As it is very difficult to fix in advance the output of an industry, some more flexible arrangements are resorted to. "A common method is that each member pays a small fixed sum er unit of output into a pool, which divided up equally amongst the members. These pooling methods again vary immensely and most of the associations apply several of these methods simultaneously.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.