Mustapha Kemal was born in 1880 in Salonika (then part of the Otto: man Empire) of middle-class Turkish parents. His father, who died when Mustapha was young, was a customs: house official, while his mother, Zubeyed Hanlin, was an intelligent strong-willed woman. A shool of his own accord when. the Mustapha left the local "primary
teacher thrashed him unjustly, and, despite his mother's scoldings, enter ed the primary military school at Salonika, after which he went on' Monastir. the secondary military school at
Here he distinguished himself in mathematics, writing and oratory—especially oratory outside the class, when he would denounce the Ottos man Government, It was in this" school that he got the nickname Kemal, meaning "perfection,". to distinguish him from the other Mustaphas in the class.
Recall from Exile Sultan Abdul Hamid noticed him when he graduated in 1901 as sub-lieutenant from the military. college at Istanbul. Hamid summoned Kemal to Yildiz and asked him what he meant by his notorious notions of "progress" and "reform,"
submissive, the youn, When the answer was not sufficiently exiled to hamsa the young Turks, and began revoke on, however, he was recalled
tionary activities in Salonika, He was sent to Tripoli to reorganize the army there, and fought in the war against laly in O91 and 1912. mand of a division in Gallipoli," ere amal was first git
his brilliant leadership, which was largely responsible for thwarting the Allies' bid for mastery in the East, early recommended him to th German Staff as one of the ablest Turkish officers. His success, hows hension of Enver Pacha? Coo PPPE aroused the jealous; Lead for Rebellion climations of Enver Pasha, Kemal sag In 1919, largely awin, A
sent as Inspector-General of the Ott man Forces in Anatolia, Although this appointment was designed to get him out of the way, it was really the decisive moment in Kemal's career. He threw in his lot with the elements he was supposed to be subduing, gathered round him the best organized forces in the Empire, and raised the standard of rebellion against the Sultan's Government.
when the Sultan signed the Treat The climax came in August 1920 Sevres, which ceded large Turkish territories to Greece, Armenia, France and Italy. Kemal promptly seized on the wide-spread indignation caused by this treaty to proclaim Angora capital and put a motion through th Nationalist Assembly notifying the Allies the acceptance of the treaty by the Turkish delegates was void.
Sterling 84d. USS 158e.
Lonpon Merats anD N.Y.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.