On the close of the annual gene: nycoting, Me. F, J. Hookhham, took 1 chair and cabled' on Mr. J, B. Watson read hix paper, sponsored by the Shanghai Association of the Inst tion of Civil Engineers entitled "The Vertical Movements of Bench Marks und other Reference Points in Shanghai The author first dealt with the establishment of base bench marks, stating that prior to 3913. the Public Works Department's levels were re~ ferred to a mark which had been cut by the Customs one granite "Yetween the Customs ariel Hongkong Shanghai Bank Buildings of that ime, bul from March 1913 the deva tions of all bench marks and refel ence points have been expressed jerms of height in feet above or below the Woosung, Horizontal Zero Datum of the Whangpoo Conservancy Board.
tu March 1921, the Public Works Department established its own, on the Bund foreshore just North of the Custom's. than Shed, consisting of an iron ain a heavy concrete block carried by 20 (1. piles, In. view of ils location u_veclaimed ground it now seems Mange that stich a structure should fever have been regarded asa satis After describing later improvements in the types of bench marks constructed, the author referred to the fare rate of more than inches an-volly during the period February 1924 June 1997, the cause of this appearing to be the settlement of a huge godown on the North side of the Yord, six storeys in height supported a reinforced concrete raft and piles 98 feet long, and extending over the large aren of approximately 75,000 square' feet.
The settlement of two recently installed 60 ft. long pile bench marks was next described. One, situated in the middle of the Recreation Ground, had only settled at the rate of half fan inch per year, while the other, located on Changping Road near the Shanghai Waterworks Company's Kiaochow Road Station, had settled At more than 3 times this velocity.
possible explanation was the pre= sence in the near vicinity of a battery of deep wells, The next step forward war the incorporation of a number of deep-well heads in an investigation of the possibility of their subsequent utilization 88 primary Municipal bench marks.
The levelling for this was carried out with a precise level of the most modern type. and the results og re~ Bards the technique of the levelling were highly gratifying, the average closure error "being only one-hund= Yedth of an inch per mite run, 'The observed settlements of the deep-well heads relative' tothe Whangpoo Conservancy Board's Pub-Garden Tidegauge Jetty were very satisfactory only amounting to aps proximately 1/5 inch per year.
Some Conclusions discussion of the subsidence of the Built-up ares of Shanghah the Velocities of the individual points ver the period of comparison ranged from slighty more than one-third of The points were grouped: Yond inch to nearly two inches per year,
analysed. according' to" the size and proximity of adjacent loots, te nae {ure of the. subsoil (ies whether overlying old creeks, or otherwise), and the possible. inituence the adjacent deen wells.
The principal indi by the author from his exhaustive analysis were the following:— tasse Sees ce, pel are Sah proposal to make a precise re~ Ming of the line from the Zose* hills to" Woosung. The interesting, feature of this part of the work was the wilization of deep-well heads as primary reference points over part of the rote. This important tine of levels had however not so far been completed.
Reference points were nevertheless installed on some 17 deep well heads, the recorded movements of which had been small compared with those the surface points, 'The author next' proceeded to describe the progressive relative Feltlements of various types of bench anarks and surface reference points. The No. 2 bench mark on the Bund, the one previously referrd to. (since abandoned), had been observed by the Whangpoo Conservancy Board have subsided almost six inches be-teen April 1920 and December 1935, at an average rate of 1.26 inches per year relative tthe Board's bse Bench mark at Changhuapang (Woo: sung). The corresponding settlement Guring this "period of the Board's bench mark on the out-stream end of is Tidegauge Jetty at the Bund Publi lia ce aloe ise of tude, and the upward ensuing Aecovery coincided with the fall of tide, An important conclusion drawn was that elastic compression -inust constitute a very considerable "proportion of the settlement of Shanghai buildings. As the bed of a. creek settled 003 inch under an increase Jond of some 2 1b. due to tide, 2 building of say 100 feet high and weighing say 3,000 Ib. per square foot over the area of its base would cotise an elastic compression of about 1's inches.
The author concluded his paper with 2 brief description of the technique '#f precise levelling and then rendered various acknowledgments Tue Canadian Club of Shanghab despatched the Ottawa, average rate of only tone quarter of an inch per year ive Inches a Year The most serious subsidence had been that of Public Works Depai mark No, 321 toca'e n of Ewto and Yanglszepoo Reaas, which had settled at an avers French Admiral Arrives in Shanghai 1 Decoux, Commander: in the Far ost, arrived in Sh the Lamotte Plequet French French reith epicers of the flagship. Below, Grenier and party Portuguese Minister. Enter amed Shanghad, May 28.
Geniatity and a warm good fellow ship were the features of the first facto! function of the "Associaes0 dos Roadents. Portagueses Ge- Shanghat Which was held on May 25 the. nes. yyminasiam ofthe "Clube Latsitano:*" when members of the Several. Porluguese organizations "in Shanghai united In doin honour te Dr. J. de. Lebre ec Lima and Senhora de Lebre © Lima The gathering was in more senses tian one an event in the history of the community, as it marked the solidarity" which exists among. local Portunuese™ organizations "andthe fae Star there, than been no flagging in the furtherance of a come mon front where national" interests tre concerned, The presence of blah aflciai of the Portuguese "Legation of the Consulate Genera}, inelod= the newly" appointed." Consul-eneral, Dr. J. Ribeiro Ge Alo, forther with the wives of the plo: matic oMleals and of the presidents at the various national inattutio fhid spontaneously associated the Selves with the Portuguese Residents Association in this ofering of respect trid honour to Dr. and. Senhora" Eeore e Lima, added particular hstee place of grave dissertations with sue demonstrations there were nich "popular impression connects
linly. two short, Phy. and patriotic Speeches. The toast of the evening was proposed by Mr. J. M. Tavares, 0 don Re: siderites Portuguese. who, aller 3 brief reference: to the progress made the Association, which he said was fie entirely to. the. representa ti Portuguese institutions emphasized the very cor. which the "guests the evening had been welcomed. Ife eminent a man of letters and diploweatist had be to preside over the destiny of the community. And he felt certain that in. lifting, lasses, filled as they were with mellow port from the old country, and drinking to the health of Their Excellencies, they were, doing honour and affording sincere' gratification to the whole community Minister Rey In reply Dr. de Lebre ¢ Lima said that while a speech would seem 'Sopropriate for the occasion, he felt that his attempting to. make one might be likened to the act of a person returning a handful of sand' for spray of flowers He would not ict more than a few words on his gracious hosts. "Mme. de Lebre Lima and he were deeply crateful for rin-Chief of French Naval Forces rom Kulangsu on board his flagship, ud inspected guards of honour at. the Upper picture shows Vice-Admiral Decou, Mi, Boudes, General, and M. Knobel, French Counsellor, together Colonel saluting the Colours, French Vice-Admiral
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.