In the chaper on Chuang Tzu we have the development of the Schoo! of Taoism in its mystical nature, and. this is followed by an account of the development of the later Mohist School.
We come then to an account of Mun Tzu and his" School of Con-{uelanism (208-238), His admiration for Confucius is expressed by his saying that in him we find the "com: plete harmony." He was a great believer in authority and like Confucius would restore the institutions of Chou. Ardent disciple as he is, yet he differs in some ways from his master. His conception of Heaven less personal and more rationalism lie, and he teaches that the nature of man is evil, and that goodness is Finally Dr. Fung gives us an me teresting chapter on Han Fel Tzu and the Legalists (233), We learn that there were three groups of the Legalist School, one, of which laid Istress_ on shih (9)),, an important Legalist term which' may be translated as "power" or "authority": the second laid emphasis on the concept lof law, fa CH), itself: and the third Sane With in"the preach volume..
Eastern And Western Systems the author's own Introduction he points out some of the difterences between Chinese Philosophy and that of the "West. fe admits that Chinese Philosophy is more concerned with the study of human nature (ethics) and the ways of Heaven (metaphysics) than itis with logic or epistemology, and most students of Chinese Philosophy would agra with this conclusion. He claims that Systematic Philosophical Systems began with the period Chun Eh' (Spring and" Autumn 722-481), a period in which great changes' took place in China which led in the end to the collapse of the feudal system, and closed in the period known'as that of the Warring State He has an interesting chapter on Philosophical Thought Prior to Con the teaching of Mencius (371-200). As he compares Confucius to Socrates, 50 he compares Mencius to Plate, and the later philosopher Hsun Tau to Aristotle, There does not appear to be as much force in the two latter comparisons as in the frst. There is this much resemblance however.
Plate advocated the rule of the Philosopher-King so Mencius extols the Sage-King. "He makes all reform depend upon the virtuous character of the ruler.
'He discusses the teaching of Men-dus in regard to the fundamental goodness of human nature, and states the reasons for his opposition to Mo) 'Tau on the one hand and to Yang Chu (he Hedonist) on the othe He quotes the statement' of Mencius: stressed shu (ff), that is stotecratt, of the art of conducting affairs and handling men.
Triumph of Confucius On page 403 Dr. Fung gives us what he thinks to be the causes for utlete tempt of Contecanin mitted' he odinnist the, Peto the, Contuclan Schoo! Se) the, Phtotophers
carly. part of the "Hi Sie of thes period China Stigetea such a issd" hitherto. been Settlement wap nataral enh tha 2 corjmonding unification of thought nitaelh® BRIER xo! vot arthot* reign. Mo, The book contains a good Chronoogleal Table of the "Philosophers prinelpis ts "universal taye, and. an excellent Bibliography. Sie Sryfates. not ich 8 ¥o- be" without Ce pects Although- there may be minor in points of veriticism, all students fucius, and points out that as in the West, philosophical though is frst of all of a theological nature. AN phe-nomina are explained by the activity of Divine Beings. Although—with the coming of the Hsia and shan dynasties the concepts of Heaven (Pien 3%) and God (Ti) upbear, yet there was no real weakening of old polytheistic thought, that Is to say, no strict monotheism. He also describes. the System of Divination and Magic of that early period. He thinks that further archaeological research may help {0 throw more Right on this period.
Confucius And Socrates When we come to Confucius we come to the first well-known Philosopher in Chinese history. His activities and his influence may be compared to those of Socrates in the West, Both were chidly interested in moral conduct, and both may be said to belong to the Intuitionist Phers. School of Ethics, for both held that man was endowed with a moral ni ture. The author says:
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.