(By Arrangement with the "Daily Telegraph."
The following summary was written Secretary of Navy Colonel Frank Knox orr "seri nited Press.
BY
1 which have apper bae articles by Col. William red in the pres a highly useful purpose. attack successfully used else Unpreparedness, surprise, thei board of Army and Navy experts j essential features of this new form of attack. purposes of such propaganda are to accomplish objectives First, to create confusion of thought, suspicion and dissension among the masses in order to weaken their morale and lower the stamina of the people.
Secondly, to incite jealousy and antagonism between different classes of society as well as bet: n various political, racial, and religious gran This is an effective moons of weakening a country, by disrupting its unity of purpose and action.
Third, to retard any effective preparation for defence. In all the conquered countries of Europe the Pacifists were stimulated to the utmost activity. Prominent officials and politicians, who were conscientious pacifists were induced to use their influence against large scale armament. Church dignitaries were covertly worked upon on similar grounds to publicly express their disapproval.
Labour Sabotage The radical labour element was secretly urged to oppose the plans of the government for enlisting them in any war. In France, labour's sabot-ge of the armament programme was factor in that country's lack of essential equipment. Such activities were carried on at the very time when the Nazis were driving the working people of Germany to the limit of their strength to create those implements of war with which she conquered France. Now those same French workmen who listened to Fifth Column agitation against their former government, have been ordered to work 36 hours a week with no extra pay for overtime, and this is just the beginning of Nazi rule in France.
Fourth, the fear radicalism so prevalent among the rich and the ruling classes in England and in France was used as a potent argument for a more friendly, tolerant feeling toward the Nazi regime, and as a point of leverage for a policy of appeasement. Subtle persuasion, secret pressure, and in all probability, open bribery were all used to break down the loyalty and to secure the ce-operation of a few key men in official positions and in the armies.
When the final crisis came, these traitors contributed dramatically to the collapse of Allied resistance in Norway, Holland, Belgium, and probably in France.
Fifth, before the outbreak of wat and throughout its earlier stages, the smaller countries were constantly lurged to maintain their neutrality and were warned to avoid any collaboration with other nations for their common defence. Government officials and the public, by means of propaganda, were constantly assured of safety and immunity from war if only they practiced the strictest neutrality and abstained from military ce-operation with their neighbours.
Fiction of Neutrality The little democracies were pressed with this myth of neutrality and the security it would give them. that the Nazis were successful in th strategy of overrunning one ation at a time and thus any united opposition!
Fifth Column propaganda played an important part in attention focused on the ity for a neutrality which, in the end proved to be pure fiction and which made effective defence impossible.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.