No allowance has been made for water for closets, as it is not supposed that the Municipal' Council will for a moment tolerate the admission of night soil into the sewers as at present constructed wi out outlet valves or traps. If night soil be admitted into the sewers, enteric poisons must be generated, and these being forced gut of the sewers by the rising tide, would bea fruitful source of zymotic disease, The present system of daily removal of excreta is (when practicable) from a sanitary point of view superior to all others.
No extra provision (beyond the street stand pipes, each of which will be capable of delivering 5,000 gallons per hour) has been made for fire, as with the admirable existing system of fire-wells and steam fire-engines, it would be poor economy to use filtered water, and keep up a constant high pressure in the mains.
Assuming that the supply of water be taken from the Whangpo river below the Settlements, the nearest suitable site for the pumping station would be the ground now occupied by. the Shanghai Water Works Company, on the north bank of the river, about 4,020 yards from the mouth of the Soochow creek. From this main required is through which length it will be safe to calculate the total consumption to pass.
A daily consumption of 1,000,000 gallons gives an average hourly consumption of 41,000 gallons. However, the demand during some hours of the day being largely in excess of the hourly average, an allowance of 100% extra capacity of mains must be provided. The prin in therefore must be capable of passing 3 per hour. Taking the length of. main at 16,000 feet, a diameter of 15 inches with a head of 48 fect at the pumping station will amply sullice for this delivery. This main would be comected with the distribu-alces. From the distribution it iron service pipes would ith such houses as may require on. As it is hardly to be expected that the smaller class of Chinese householders will incur the expense of having water laid on, it may only be found necessary to erect one or more stand pipes in each block or court for the uso of the immediate vicinity. This system would certainly avoid a great deal of unnecessary waste of water. At the north and east gates of the native city Mr. Waters would recommend that one or more stand pipes, with meters attached, be placed and farmed out at a fixed rate per 1,000 gallons consumed.
The price now paid for creek water by the Chinese varies from 7 cash to 24 cash pet picul of 10 gallons, depending on the Aistance of the purchaser from the source of supply.
Taking the lower figure, this price is at the extraordinarily high rate of 70 dollar cents per 1,000 gallons, There is no reason therefore fo apprehend any difficulty in obtaining 20 cents per 1,000 gallons if such a rate be deemed necessary.
For street watering purposes, stand pipes would be fixed as follows:—In the English Settlement, 30; Hongkew Settlement, 20 French Concession, 10. This will give an average distance apart of about 350 yards, The pumpingstation would comprise three settling tanks, capable of holding sufficient water for the consumption between two spring tides, the sides to be faced with ingle, and to be provided with the requisite inlet and outlet valves; four filtering tanks with brick sides and bottoms; any three of these should be capable of treating the day's supply; one covered storage tank cof 300,000 gallons capacity, brick lined and covered with iron roof; two centrifugal pumping engines for raising the water from the settling tanks to the filters; three compound high pressure condensing direct acting pumping engines, each capable of lifting 30,000 gallons per hour, with engine house, culverts, &c.; three Cornish steam boilers, (any two of which should be capable of supplying steam for all the engines) with all pipes, mountings, donkey pumps, shed and chi j one Wrought iron stand pipe 100 fect high fitted with sluice valves, pipes, and connections to the pumps, Tt is estimated that a capital of Tis, 250,000 would enable the Council to complete the works, and that the very moderate water rate of 3} per cent per annum on present rentals, together with other available sources of revenue would enable them to pay 6 per cent interest on the required debentures and to provide a sinking fund of Tls. 7,000 per annum, which latter sum, if applied to redeem the debentures by annual drawings, would complete the redemption in 21 years.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.