The Capital of the Marches of Mongolia.
Although maps of China do not: discriminate between intro and extramural Chihli, the part north of Taoism, he explained, con: ted the Great Wall, comprised in the largely in the training of the soul prefecture of Jehol (or Ch'éngté, or of one's character. It wa sn|to give it its proper official name) inner experience, under the discipline of mediation and self-control, producing virtue and understanding truth. This religion flourished in the two great dynasties of Tang and Sung, st the same time that) Confucianism had its noted philosophers whose teaching have shaped the understanding of Confucianism. Taoism has continued for nestly 3,000 years in Chins. It has may fairly be regarded as a separate administ.ative unit, and it is not unusual to find writers differentiating it under the name of Outer Chibli or Inner Mongolia. It is (or was, under the Manchus) practically independent of the Governor-General of Chibli; it was nominally under his civil jurisdiction, but actually was subject to the direct control of the tu-tung, or General, whose rank was superior to that of the Viceroy—so mach so that it was possible for Hsi Liang to accept this Military Governorship after having been Viceroy of Manchuria. Further evidence of the degree of autonomy that was accorded it is furnished by the fact that it presented separate Budget in 1911.
The position and ethnography of Tehol also exhibit peculiar characteristics. It stands in the mider of the border-land between China proper and the grasslands of Mongolia; it is the largest and most important town outside the Great Wall; and no other considerable towns are found in the vast stretch of country to the north of it. It was a frontier outpost of the Manchu Emperors, and contains one of their summer retreats (whither, it will be remembered, it was proposed that the ex-Emperor should retire on the establishment lof the Republic).
Its early organization was purely military, and the population consisted of Manchus and other bannermen, but, as elsewhere in the Mongolian' Marches, Chinese colonization made great advances in latter days, and now probably not more than fifty per cent. of the people belong to the favoured class. As is but to be expected in a settled town, Mongols form only a very small proportion of the inhabitants, but the northern portion of the prefecture is much more congenial and attractive to them, and the city serves as an entrepot for the disposal of the products of their flocks and herds. So much by way of explanation of the title.
Cart, Litter or Pony.
Tt may sound a far cry from Shanghai to a town outside the Great Wall and on the confines of Mongolia, but Jehol is only 150 miles, or five days' journey, from Peking, and the return journey to the railway line can be accomplished much more quickly, so that it is possible to make the round trip from Shanghai in three weeks—unless, of course, the glamour of Peking proves fatal to a resolution not to delay en route.
To avoid that temptation at present, it is assumed that a start is being made from Po king: then arises the great question inseparable from travel in China—what mode of conveyance shall be adopted! Incredible as it may seem to those who have not done it, it is possibi reach Jehol by cart, but thi to be recommended. A Peking cart is not the most comfortable of conveyances in the most favourable of circumstances, and it needs no very vivid imagination to realize in what state one would be after being dragged across _boulder-strewn watercourses and up rugged and
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.