Generally speaking the report shows that ce-operation Is in danger! fu China of being too enthusiastically developed, Apparently great impetus was given to the movement as the result of the work of the China International Famine Relief Commi alen's distribution of relict loans after the flood of 1931. Whereas at the end of 1033 there were 5,300 registered ce-operative societies, by the end of 1994" they had risen to 14,600, and in Atigust 1035 it was estimated that there were 20,000 or more, with expansion continuing at the tame rai 'At the and of 1994, five prov-'Anhwei 'Chekiang. " Hope, issu, and' Shantung) contained of 10010 octets, while. Honat find ieiangst" contained "1000 Nine other "provinces had 10" more "eonwervallve Binkern betlves "in Covaperation, find there 008 focltien at years Communism has been definitely Jeeted by China, and ce-operation taking ite strong appeal to. China's ihinkets tx un alternative to Communism on the one hand and uncon. tolled capitalism on the other. Great hones have taken place in. the out-Took and. customs. of the educated Chinese and the lite of the smallest farmer. or rural artisan has. been iffected and upset by the Invasion of miliemade goods, usually from 'Chi-hose factories, and the fluctuation of cultural. prices. These forces together with natural disasters. and internal or foreign disorder, have raised. the. expenditure dnd lowered the income' of the peasant and are gradually depriving him of his livd Hood and his land ancient China, when cond national Upheaval peasantry. to make a new Edoubiful" whether" an nacentie compelled fortieth to, recall the landlord whom he. has ejected, {indigenous "contribution clubs al though those Institutions prove that the Chinese are capable of association for a common purpose. But the Guilds Inck the principle of voluntary membership and withdrawal, publicity of procedure, and often dem focratle management; while the Hui Jacks careful control over each member's use of his money and external audit to ensure the safely of the funds, Those five points are the essence of ce-operation, The Guild thos vocational functions which the ce-operator is not concerned (0 exereise, and the Hui, in many cases, tends' to wasteful expenditure and definitely runs counter to ce-operative principles in several ways. The evil eflecis of the Chinese Hui may in fulure be imited by legislation.
Favourable factors to the develop: ment of the ce-operative movement, prudently directed, are the general faith of the public in ce-operation, the aclive support of the Government, and the character of the Chinese farmer. To the first element refe ence has already been made. regard to the Government's function, the report points out that the Chinese Jaw on ce-operation has been passed, Dut not yet declared In force.
Text read from the printed page and cleaned; old type leaves the occasional error.